Reconstruction of African Americans Dbq Essay Example for Free

Reconstruction of African Americans Dbq Essay New Societies, new people, and new communities usually originate as a result of migration. People decide to move from one place to another for better opportunities, better lives, and new challenges. This remains true for the African American race as well. It has been believed that the original migration took place in 1619 when African Americans arrived to Jamestown, Virginia. However, the first African Americans migrated to the United States almost a century earlier in the 1500’s coming from Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish territories of Florida, Texas, and other parts of the South. African-American Migration Experience Though many migrated to the U. S. voluntarily, most African Americans were victims of massive enslavement. War, slave raiding, kidnapping and political religious struggle accounted for the vast majority of Africans deported to the Americas. African Americans were forced into slavery. Many children were kidnapped and sold as slaves. There were those of which who rebelled by refusing to be enslaved that would be expelled from their homes and families then either murdered or forced to be slaves. Slavery developed because the Northern Africans had a monopoly over spices, gold, and other commodities that the Europeans wanted. Europe would send ships back and forth to Africa to trade goods and in the process they were able to grow comfortable with navigating the seas. As a result, Europe was able to develop very good shipbuilding skills that in turn led to the sending of large vessels. That moved the Portuguese to add an additional commodity to their cargo: African men, women, and children. The Portuguese then used African Americans as slaves to work their sugar plantations. Over time English and Dutch ships preyed on the Portugal vessels for slaves, while raiding and looting the African mainland. Slaves were brought to the United States of America during the triangular trade. Ships were built to handle a maximum of 350 people, but Europeans would transport over 800 men, women, and children under some of the harshest conditions. Slaves would be branded, stripped naked during the entire trip, lying down in the midst of filth, all while enduring unbearable heat. All slaves went through frightening, incredibly brutal and dehumanizing experiences. Women and children were raped for the pleasures of the crew. The sick were tossed overboard unto the sea. People who tried to starve themselves to death were forced to eat by the torturing of scolding hot coal pressed onto their bodies. African-American Migration Experience Those who survived the Middle Passage arrived to America only to encounter more grief. They were sent to plantations and farms for agricultural duties. They were used for mining, and placed in towns as servants. In South Carolina and Georgia they grew rice, cotton, and indigo. In Louisiana they slaved over sugarcane plantations. They labored over tobacco farms in Virginia and Maryland. This went on until 1808 when the United States abolished its slave trade from Africa. However, slave trade went on unabated until 1860. In 1898 the boll weevil ate its way through Texas and proceeded to eat its way East across the South. The cotton was destroyed and slaves were thrown off of the land. After WWI there was an economic boom that resulted in the need for agricultural work, but unfortunately most states in the South passed the Jim Crow laws that discriminated against African Americans and led to segregation. African Americans couldn’t attend the same schools as white Americans. They couldn’t use facilities such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, cinemas, and public baths. Public transportation was also segregated and in some states marriage between white and black people. African Americans were at the mercy of landlords, abusive employers, and almost anyone set on depriving them of their rights. This went on until president Franklin D. Roosevelt was forced to issue an executive order mandating the end to racial discrimination. The Fair Employment Practices Committee was created to enforce this mandate, which acted as the launching pad that would bare dividends in the future. Riots erupted in 1943, leading to beatings, deaths, and arrest. African American then resulted to boycotts and sit-ins during the Civil Rights movement. As a result, the Supreme Court reversed the separate but equal doctrine in 1954, ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. There was also the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act that signaled an attack on Jim Crow. The African-American Migration Experience This report reveals the enormous amount of pain, grief, and violence suffered by my ancestors during slavery. I am so appreciative to all those people who marched, boycotted, and endured the pain and suffering so that my children and I could have the freedom to eat in any restaurant, sleep at any hotel, drink water out of any fountain, and go to school to get a good education. I may not be able to relate culturally to the ethnic group that I have written about because I am way too young, but that doesn’t change the fact that I recognize what they fought and stood for and I plan to make sure that my children are taught the history of how African Americans migrated to the United States, and what they went through to get here. References In Motion. The African-American Migration Experience. Retrieved April 9, 2007, from http://www. inmotionaame. org/home. cfm.

Privacy versus freedom of expression

Privacy versus freedom of expression The media in their long history have shattered countless reputations and destroyed countless careers. We have driven people to suicide. We have caused immeasurable emotional pain, suffering and humiliation, not only to individuals but to familiesand to entire communities (Goodwin and Smith 1994, p. 280) President of the International Automobile Federation (FIA), Max Mosley sued the News of the World for breach of confidence and was rewarded 60,000 pounds as compensation on winning the case. The Sunday journal clandestinely filmed Mosley taking part in an orgy with five prostitutes in a Chelsea flat and splashed it all over the paper and the web. The paper alleged that the orgy had a Nazi theme to it and broke the news with the outrageous headline F1 BOSS HAS SICK NAZI ORGY WITH 5 HOOKERS. This brings forward the everlasting debate over privacy versus freedom of expression. Archard (1998: 83) claims that Privacy has to do with keeping personal information non-public and undisclosed. Freedom of expression on the other hand, upholds the rights of all to express their views and opinions freely (Freedom Of Expression {online} link: http://www.hrea.org/index.php?base_id=147: accessed 22.12.09). However, the extent to which the privacy of Max Mosley has been intruded into by the family newspaper is unacceptable in my opinion. There are certain parameters to the freedom of press that have to be maintained and this was certainly indecent and unethical scheming on the part of the News of the World. International supermodel, Naomi Campbell filed a case against The Daily Mirror for breach of her right to privacy. The paper disclosed that she secretly attended meetings of Narcotics Anonymous. It was in public interest to publish that she was a drug addict and that she was being treated for it but where she was being rehabilitated, what her reaction to it was and surreptitiously collecting photographs of her leaving after a treatment session, was going much too far. Therefore, the judgment in favour of Max Mosley, Naomi Campbell and similar cases like Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta Jones versus Hello! Magazine do not chill press freedom but only draw a line minding the excesses of the media. This would lead the press into focussing on meaningful news coverage and control any digression into agenda based news reporting for exciting the public. As Legal analyst Joshua Rozenberg said the court ruling in favour of the FIA President was a warning to journalists.(Mosley Wins Court C ase Over Orgy, 2008 {online} available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7523034.stm : accessed on 16.12.09) Alongside this will limit the power the media has over peoples minds and life altogether which has been misused for profits in this and other similar cases. Subsequently, I would like to point out that, be it the motor racing chief or any celebrity nobodys personal life can be made a public spectacle. Big names are liable to the public to some extent but filming somebodys intimate moments followed by a so-called newsworthy piece published about his/her sexual interests is objectionable. I found here a creeping sense of commercialism considering the choice of story and the sensationalised language used in it by NOTW. Many in the media arena agree with US journalist Carol Marin who claims we are afraid of being unpopular, we are afraid of shrinking markets.'(CJR forum1998, p. 3). Also whatever Mosley may do in his personal life, as long it does not affect his work or as far as he is not merging his professional life with his personal life he is free to pursue whatsoever. News of The World seems to be thriving on the idea if it bleeds, it leads- they did not consider it essential enough to translate the German spoken in the video to under stand what it said, tagged it as having Nazi undertones and rashly threw it open for the public to watch. Clause 10 of the code of practice of The Press complaints commission Clandestine Devices and Subterfuge, sets a ban on the use of hidden recording devices as a method to gather information unless it were the only way to disclose a public interest story. The method used by the tabloid to bring out the story was inherently flawed it is his personal life and the defence of public interest is altogether irrelevant. There is no harm in being a part of such a scenario between consenting adults on private property. Paying an informant to secretly record the orgy was one thing but along with that drawing metaphors like the alleged Nazi connections was completely appalling. On this point I would like to elaborate that basing a persons actions and drawing conclusions keeping in mind his family history is completely unfair and is a very narrow outlook to a situation. As Mosley told Mr Justice Eady on his first day of giving evidence in the High Court, All my life I have had hanging over me my antecedents, my parents and the last thing I want to do in some sexual context is be reminded of it.(2008) In Quotes: Mosley Trial, The BBC, link: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7510193.stm: accessed 18.12.09. Having the blood of a Nazi supporter and founder of the British Union of Fascists, Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley should not imply that even Max Mosley has the same offensive beliefs and ideology. It is entirely unjustified to back up Mosleys story of having a Nazi-style orgy and defame him by digging out some facts like insulting family history or any similar far-fetched connections that encourage a hostile impression of him. The News of the World stole my image and my dignity, said motor racing boss to the BBC. The humiliation caused to Mosley and his family is irreparable. There seem to be clear formulas adopted by newspapers covering such stories they create a hype which boosts the demand for such papers. This is meddling too much with Mosleys personal life and such a story is no ones business. Had Max Mosley made a speech before the public that had Nazi implications to it or had he influenced any third person with his supposed Nazi loyalty then it would fulfil the public interest defence for publication. In this case, it was an extremely personal set-up and even if it was a Nazi oriented one it is his personal life behind closed doors it is clearly of no interest to any outsider. In Nick Davies book Flat Earth News (2008), he has referred to such irresponsible journalism as churnalism. Journalists have a huge responsibility towards man and unfortunately this is being overlooked by focussing on sensational news. I would end with something that Mr. Roy Greenslade says, No better reason to be a journalist than to make a change in peoples lives.

Psychiatric Care After Drug Overdose: Case Study

Psychiatric Care After Drug Overdose: Case Study Case Scenario: Marcella Helen Farel Marcella is a 15 year old bi-racial female who was admitted to the local community hospital in Chester, Pennsylvania for a drug overdose. The attending psychiatrist, Dr. Miller has referred Marcella to me to be evaluated for a possible substance use disorder and to be screened for the potential risk of future substance use disorder. Carefully describe the client’s demographic characteristics. Marcella is a 15-year-old bi-racial (Caucasian and African American) female who attends high school full-time. What is the presenting problem? Marcella has been referred for screening of a possible substance use disorder and the possible risk of future substance use problems after being treated at a local community hospital for attempting suicide with prescription pain medications. What is the pertinent family history? Marcella is being raised by her grandparents with sporadic input from her single mother. Bethany, Marcella’s mother, has never been married and has raised Marcella as a single mom since her birth. What is the substance use history of the client’s family? Marcella’s grandparents both drank alcohol throughout their adult lives and also experimented with various other drugs. Her stepfather uses marijuana on a daily basis because he feels that it helps with the pain from a back injury. Her mother developed a substance use problem at the age of 14, shortly after her father killed himself, and it rapidly progressed. What are some of the direct and indirect messages Marcella may have received from her family about substance use? Children and teenagers are heavily influenced by their parents. Having a parent who uses drugs is a strong predictor of adolescent substance abuse. The messages that Marcella may have received are my parents and grandparents use drugs so therefore it is okay for me to use them as well. What is Marcella’s education and employment history? Marcella is a full-time high school student and has not had any type of employment at this point but has done some babysitting. What is significant in terms of risk factors, about Marcella’s academic history? Marcella has done well academically throughout elementary school but for the last four years her grades in high school have been steadily dropping. Describe Marcella’s social history? Marcella can name only two friends and also states that she doesn’t like people so having only two friends is fine with her. What is Marcella’s self-report of her substance use history? Marcella states that she has used alcohol a few times with her friends and also used alcohol on special occasions at family gatherings. She also states that her suicide attempt was the first time she used pain pills or any non-prescribed drugs. What is significant in terms of risk factors about Marcella’s description of her relationships with family members? When asking Marcella about her relationship with her family members she stated that she never had a father and she isn’t sure if her mother even knows who her father was. She also states that he has never been a part of her life. She bluntly states that she hasn’t had a mother for the past few years as well. She describes her grandmother as the only one who would care if she had succeeded in her suicide attempt. Accurately identify risk and protective factors for developing a substance use disorder as related to the client in the case scenario. â€Å"Many factors have been identified that help determine† which individuals â€Å"are likely to abuse drugs.† The factors that are associated with the â€Å"greater potential for drug abuse are† known as â€Å"risk† factors, and those associated with the least potential for drug abuse are known as â€Å"protective† factors. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 6). Risk factors influence drug use in many ways. The more risks the adolescent is exposed to the more likely he or she is to use and abuse drugs. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 7). â€Å"Having a family history of substance abuse puts† the adolescent at risk for drug abuse. â€Å"The presence of protective factors can lessen the impact† of some risk factors, â€Å"such as parental support and involvement†; this â€Å"can reduce the influence of strong risks, such as having substance abusing peers.† (NIDA, 2003. pg. 7). Some risk factors that could have an influence on Marcella are: Substance use among parents. Poor attachment with parents. Social difficulties Negative emotionality Early substance use Academic failure Low commitment to school Some protective factors that could lessen the impact of a few of the risk factors are: Positive physical development Family connectedness (attachment and bonding with grandmother) Living in a stable home (grandparents) Supportive relationship with family (grandmother). (NIDA, 2003). Discuss other relevant factors in the case scenario that could lead to the development of a substance use disorder. Other risk factors often â€Å"relate to the quality of relationships outside† of â€Å"the family, such as in their schools, with their peers, teachers, and in the community.† (NIDA, 2003. pg. 9). â€Å"Difficulties in these settings can be crucial to† the adolescent’s â€Å"emotional, cognitive, and social development. Some of† the risk factors are academic failure and poor coping skills. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 9). Other risks that can influence adolescents to start using drugs are the availability of the drugs and the belief that drug abuse is generally tolerated. (NIDA, 2003. pg. 9). â€Å"Screening and assessment are† part â€Å"of a process that aims to identify and measure the mental health and substance use related needs and† behaviors of adolescents. It is â€Å"difficult to determine where screening ends and assessment begins. Screening† â€Å"determines the need for a† more comprehensive assessment but does not provide actual information about the diagnosis or possible treatment needs. The screening â€Å"process should take no longer than† thirty minutes and in some instances will be shorter. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 9). An appropriate screening procedure must† take into consideration â€Å"several variables pertaining to the client, such as† their â€Å"age, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and literacy level.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 10). It â€Å"is important that the† contents of the test be â€Å"appropriate for clients from a variety of backgrounds and† cultures. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 10). â€Å"There are three primary components to preliminary screening: content domains, screening methods, and information sources. The screening procedure focuses on verif ied indicators of substance related problems among adolescents.† These â€Å"indicators fall into two categories: those that indicate substance use problem severity and those that are psychosocial factors.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). There is no set number of uncovered red flags or indicators that mandate â€Å"a referral for a comprehensive assessment. Many† of the screening questionnaires provide a set of scores to assist with the decision in obtaining a comprehensive assessment. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). Regardless, â€Å"if there are several red flags or a few that† are meaningful, it is recommended â€Å"to refer the adolescent for a† more comprehensive assessment. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). The â€Å"comprehensive assessment follows a positive screening for a substance use disorder and may lead to long term intervention efforts such as† treatments. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 11). The screening procedures identify if the adolescent has â€Å"a significant substance use problem† and â€Å"the comprehensive assessment confirms the problem and helps† to  clarify other problems that may be â€Å"connected with the adolescent’s su bstance use disorder. Comprehensive information can be used to develop† a proper set of interventions. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). There are many different purposes of the comprehensive assessment. To report in more detail the vicinity, nature, and unpredictability of substance utilization reported amid a screening, including whether the pre-adult meets symptomatic criteria for abuse or dependence. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To focus the particular treatment needs of the client if substance misuse or substance dependence is confirmed, so that limited resources are not misdirected. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To allow the evaluator to take in more about the nature, connects, and results of the adolescents substance-utilizing conduct. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To guarantee that related issues not hailed in the screening procedure (e.g., issues in medicinal status, mental status, social functioning, family relations, educational performance, and delinquent behavior) are recognized. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To inspect the degree to which the adolescents family (as characterized prior) might be included in the comprehensive assessment but also in possible subsequent interventions. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To distinguish particular qualities of the adolescent, family, and other social backings (e.g., coping skills) that could be utilized within creating a fitting treatment plan (financial information is significant here as well). (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). To develop a written report that: Identifies and accurately diagnoses the severity of the use. Identifies factors that contribute to or are related to the substance use disorder. Identifies a corrective treatment plan to address these problem areas. Details a plan to ensure that the treatment plan is implemented and monitored to its conclusion. Makes recommendations for referral to agencies or services. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 17). â€Å"A valid, standardized, and clinically relevant assessment is† crucial â€Å"for effective intervention with adolescent substance abusers.† (NIH, 2005. para. #6). â€Å"The advantages of standardized assessments are that they: Provide a benchmark against which clinical decisions can be compared and validated; Are less prone to clinician biases and inconsistencies than more traditional assessment methods; and Provide a common language which improved communication in the field can develop.† (NIH, 2005. para #6). â€Å"Until recently clinicians have relied on clinical judgment or locally developed procedures to diagnose adolescent substance use problems. This has begun to change since standardized and clinically valid instruments such as The† Drug Use Screening Inventory Revised (DUSI-R), The Teen-Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI), â€Å"have been introduced into the literature. Developmental appropriateness is critical to the effectiveness of using these instruments in work with adolescents.† (NIH, 2005. para. #7). The Drug Use Screening Inventory-Revised (DUSI-R) is a 159-item instrument that documents the level of involvement with a variety of drugs and quantifies severity of consequences associated with drug use. The profile identifies and prioritizes intervention needs and provides an informative and facile method of monitoring treatment course and aftercare. The DUSI-R is a self-administered instrument. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 69). The purpose of this instrument is â€Å"to comprehensively evaluate adolescents and adults who are suspected of using drugs; to identify or â€Å"flag† problem areas; to quantitatively monitor treatment progress and outcome; and to estimate likelihood of drug use disorder diagnosis.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 69). A decision tree approach is used and the information acquired â€Å"should be viewed as implicative and not definitive in that the findings should generate hypotheses regarding the areas requiring comprehensive diagnostic evaluation by using other instruments.† The â€Å"DUSI-R is structured and formatted for self-administration using paper and pencil or computer.† The areas assessed are: â€Å"substance use behavior, behavior patterns, health status, psychiatric disorder, social skill, family system, school work, peer relationship, leisure† and recreation. This assessment takes 20-40 minutes to complete depending on the subject. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 6 9). The Teen Addictions â€Å"Severity Index (T-ASI) is a brief assessment instrument developed for use when an adolescent is being admitted to inpatient care for substance use related problems.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). â€Å"The purpose of this instrument is to provide basic information on an adolescent prior to entry into inpatient care for substance use related problems.† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). This assessment is an â€Å"objective face to face interview combined with opportunity for assessor to offer comments, confidence ratings† (indication â€Å"whether the information may be distorted), and severity ratings (indicating how severe the assessor believes is the need for treatment or counseling).† (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). The areas assessed are: â€Å"chemical use, school status, employment/support, family relationships, peer/social relationships, legal status (involvement with criminal justice program), psychiatric status,† and â€Å"contact list for add itional information. The† number of† questions asked for each area are fewer in number than many† of the other instruments used. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). These â€Å"screening tools are brief self-reports or interviews that are used as the first step in the process of evaluating whether an adolescent may or may not have a drug problem. The outcome of a screening is to determine the need for further, more comprehensive assessment. (NCBI, 1999. pg. 78). I would use the DUSI-R to assess Marcella’s potential drug use because it is a self-report inventory that is available in paper or online that deals with both drugs and alcohol. It is utilized for measuring current status, recognizing areas in need of prevention, and evaluating the degree of change after treatment. Substance use disorder in the â€Å"DSM-5 combines the DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single disorder† using a measurement of mild to severe. The â€Å"diagnosis of dependence caused† some confusion. Most people think that dependence is â€Å"addiction† when in fact dependence could be the body’s â€Å"normal response to a substance. In† order for a patient â€Å"to be diagnosed with Substance Use Disorder the patient must meet at least† two of the eleven criteria for the diagnosis. A patient meeting â€Å"2-3 of the criteria indicates mild substance use disorder, meeting 4-5 criteria indicates moderate† substance use disorder and meeting 6-7 criteria indicates severe substance use disorder. (BupPractice, 2014). The Diagnostic Criteria are as follows: Continuing to use opioids despite negative personal consequences. Repeatedly unable to carry out major obligations at work, school, or home due to opioid use. Recurrent use of opioids in physically hazardous situations. Continued use despite persistent or recurring social or interpersonal problems caused or made worse by opioid use. Tolerance as defined by either a need for markedly increased amounts to achieve intoxication or desired effect or markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount. Withdrawal manifesting as either characteristic syndrome or the substance is used to avoid withdrawal. Using greater amounts or using over a longer time period than intended. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control opioid use. Spending a lot more time obtaining, using, or recovering from using opioids. Stopping or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to opioid use. Consistent use of opioids despite acknowledgement of persistent or recurrent physical or psychological difficulties from using opioids. Craving or a strong desire to use opioids. (This is a new criterion added since the DSM-IV-TR). (BupPractice, 2014). During the assessment and evaluation with Marcella she stated that she tried alcohol a few times with friends and on special occasions at family gatherings and she denies having ever been intoxicated. She also states that the pain pills she took in the suicide attempt were her only use of non-prescribed drugs. According to the DSM-5, Marcella does not meet any of the criteria for the diagnosis of a substance use disorder. In order to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder Marcella must meet 2 of the 11 criteria for the diagnosis. After my assessment and evaluation of Marcella I have come to the conclusion that she does not meet any of the criteria to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder. While she did take prescription pain medication in an attempt to commit suicide it was the first and only time that she took any type of drug prescription or otherwise. Marcella continues to work on her other medical issues with the hospital psychiatrist. References American Psychiatric Association. (2005). Substance-Related and addictive disorders. Retrieved from www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Use%20Disorder%20Fact%20sheet.pdf BupPractice. (2014). DSM-5 Substance use disorder. Diagnostic criteria. Retrieved from www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Disorder%20Fact%20sheet.pdf Centers for Substance Abuse Treatment. (1999).Screening and assessing adolescents for substance use disorders. Substance abuse and mental health services administration (US); (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 31 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64364/pdf/TOC.pdf National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2003). Chapter 1: Risk and Protective Factors. In Preventing Drug Use Among Children and Adolescents. Retrieved from http://drugabuse.gov/publications/preventing-drug-abuse-among-children-and-adolescents?chapter-1-risk-factors-protective-factors. Miller, W.R., Forcehimes, A. A., Zweben, A. (2011). Treating addiction: A guide for professionals. New York, NY: Guilford National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). Risk and protective factors. Retrieved from http://drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/preventingdruguse_2.pdf

Schizophrenia Essay examples -- Psychology Disorders

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that causes severe mental disturbances which disrupt ones thoughts, speech, and behavior. According to Paul Thompson, Associate Professor of Neurology, one percent of the world’s population suffers from this disorder. There is no one specific cause of schizophrenia, because it is caused by a combination of problems during development. It is a disorder which not only affects the patient, but their family and society as well. Schizophrenia can be a debilitating disorder, however, there are many treatments that can allow people who suffer from it to lead normal lives. â€Å"Schizophrenia, a complex and often disabling mental illness, is among the most serious of brain diseases† (Veague 1).To some schizophrenic patients, imagination and reality become so intertwined that they cannot distinguish between them. Those who suffer hear and see what no one else around them hears or sees and sometimes finds it impossible to believe the voices and visions are all a part of their imagination. Before the 1950’s, many schizophrenics had to remain in mental hospitals. Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist, provided the first characterization of schizophrenia, in the late nineteenth century. â€Å"He believed that the disorder was caused by irreversible physical damage to the brain† (Veague 3). Eugen Bleuler, who was a contemporary of Emil Kraepelin, believed that schizophrenia was caused by psychological trauma sustained early in life. Since then, scientists have blocked the action of dopamine on certain nerve cells and also have deve loped other drugs which control the symptoms with fewer side effects. Schizophrenia is much less common than bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and major d... ...ects. They are effective in treating both positive and negative symptoms. There are some mild side effects such as drowsiness and weight gain. Other than medication, which is the most common type of treatment, there is therapy. There is individual therapy, group therapy and family therapy. This way the patient is usually medicated and also expresses their feelings about being schizophrenic. Schizophrenia causes those who suffer to have severe mental disturbances, act uncontrollably, loses touch with reality and not able to take care of themselves. It causes family members to become stressed, develop drug or alcohol problems for themselves or family members, to become homeless, or even try and take their own life. Schizophrenia can be a debilitating disorder, however, there are many treatments that can allow people who suffer from it to lead normal lives.

Essay --

The Evolution of Air Defense Artillery the time was the late 1800’s and the airplane was created and included in that warfare adopted those and made of then warplanes so every country had to make something to defend their lands from the attacks form their respective enemies. The term of anti-aircraft artillery (AA) witch was a detachment from the field artillery by modifying their weapons so that they can be able to reach the low flying aircraft attacking their territory. But the term of air defense was first used by Great Britain in the year of 1925 by the royal air force. One of the first weapons used in AA was the Gustav Krupp used to shoot down the ballons in the Franco-Prussian War with took place in the 1870. A few years later in Europe the Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider were created to be used as AA weapons. But here in the US the first anti-aircraft cannon was created by the Admiral Twining the 3"/23 caliber gun for the US Navy in 1911. But later on, the aircraft were also evolving so every country had to evolve their ways to take down their enemies for example...

Macbeth and Macduff Essay

You have some excellent points, but I think you’re missing an essential part of the question here – compare and contrast. So far you’ve spoken about Macbeth in great detail and neglected the other two. The key here is balance. Say Macbeth is like so†¦. where as Banquo is like so†¦ and Macduff like so†¦ (this is contrasting) When comparing you are going to have to look at how each reacts in certain situations compared to Macbeth. For instance, Banquo reacts to the prophesies of the â€Å"weird sisters† with suspicion, mistrust and a certain level of foreboding whereas Macbeth reacts with elated disbelief, hangs on every word and sees it as the beginning of great things. And from his reaction the things said by the sisters were ambitions that were within him already whereas Banquo had no real ambitions to become father to a line of kings before that. That’s why he says â€Å"Speak to me who neither begs nor fears your favors nor your hate† – or something like that. And use quotes. A good essay always has good quotes woven into it. But don’t go wild with them. Just place one or two here and there to support a point. Also, personally I have never viewed Macduff and Banquo as heroes. They lack the heroic potency of a Shakespearean hero. Shakespearean heroes are dense characters and these two are pretty straightforward. With Shakespeare there’s always more to a hero than meets the eye. So I would say, it is clear beyond doubt that Macbeth is the hero of the play. But the key is – he’s a tragic hero, one who ends up a fallen hero. And aren’t such heroes always the best? Banquo and Macduff would have been boring heroes, clean, cut and straight as they are. They would have been so predictable. Whereas with Macbeth you could never know what he was going to do. In the beginning we are introduced to this good, noble guy who’s fatal flaw is ambition and we hope he won’t go through with Duncan’s murder but he does; we pity him, hope for his redemption even and are shocked by the things that he begins to do after the murder as he grows bolder and bolder.

Cis207 Syllabus

|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Information Systems & Technology | | |CIS/207 Version 3 | | |Information Systems Fundamentals |Copyright  © 2012, 2011, 2010 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course introduces the fundamentals of computer systems and the role of information processing in today's business environment. An overview is presented of information systems, systems development, operating systems and programming, database management, networking and telecommunications, and the Internet. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly dif ferent depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Rainer, R. K. , Jr. , & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business (4th ed. . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Turban, E. , & Volonino, L. (2011). Information technology for management: Improving strategic and operational performance (8th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Information Systems Overview | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Identify the components and roles of information systems. | | | |Explain the system development life cycle methodology. | | | | |Explain the system development life cycle methodology. | | | | |Describe how IT systems enable and enhance the organization. | | | |Course Preparation |Read the course description and objectives. | | | | |Review the Learning Team Toolkit. | | |Readings |Read Ch. 1, â€Å"Information Systems in the 2010s,† of Information Technology for Management: | | | | |Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. , â€Å"IT Infrastructure and Support Systems,† of Information Technology for | | | | |Management: Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. , â€Å"Organizational Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Information Systems,† of | | | | |Introduction to Information Systems: Supporting and Transforming Business. | | | | | | | | | |Read Technology Guide 1, â€Å"Hardware,† of Introduction to Information Systems: Supporting and | | | | |Transforming Business. | | | | | | | | |Read Technology Guide 2, â€Å"Software,† of Introduction to Information Systems: Supporting and | | | | |Transforming Business | | | | | | | | | |Read the Week One Read Me First. | | | | |Review articles found in Electronic Reserve Readings. | | |Participation |Post your biography to the appropriate Chat Room thread. | | | | |Participate in class discussions on at least 4 of 7 days each week. |Daily |4 | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (a). |Thursday | | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (b). |Saturday | | | |Post weekly personal summary (PS). |Monday | | | |Review the Learning Team Toolkit. | | |Learning Team Project Goal and|Propose a new system for Riordan Manufacturing to use to improve its business. Riordan is |Final | | |Instructions |one of the Virtual Organizations. A link to the Virtual Organizations can be found on the |Power Point is | | | |student website. |Due Monday of | | | | |Wk#5 | | | |Develop a 7- to 10-page paper (2800 words minimum) and a 10- to 13-slide Microsoft ® | | | | |PowerPoint ® presentation of the project to be submitted in Week Five.The paper must include |Final Paper is | | | |the following: |Due Monday of | | | | |Wk#5 | | | |An executive summary of the project, summarizing the rest of the material in the paper | | | | |An identification of the business requirements using a BRD. | | | | |A table defining hardware/software changes to be implemented. | | | |A description of how the proposed information system changes will enhance the existing | | | | |processes. | | | | |Process flow charts with supporting descriptions that articulate the business requirements in| | | | |terms of specific processes or business development needs. | | | |Individual |An individual college research paper is not assigned for the first week. | | | |Assignment | | | | Week Two: Information Flow and Security | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Identify how information flows through an organization. | | | | |Describe system components that enable information use. | | | | |Identify the effect of information security concerns on systems. | | | | |Evaluate ethical situations in IT. | | | |Readings |Read Technology Guide 1, â€Å"Computer Hard ware,† of Introduction to Information Systems: | | | | |Supporting and Transforming Business. | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 3, â€Å"Data, Text, and Document Management,† of Information Technology for Management: | | | | |Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 4, â€Å"Network Management and Mobility,† of Information Technology for Management: | | | | |Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 5, â€Å"IT Security, Crime, Compliance and Continuity,† of Information Technology for | | | | |Management: Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 4, â€Å"Global Ecology, Ethics, and Social Responsibility,† of Information Technology | | | | |for Management: Improving Strategic and Operational Performance | | | | | | | | | |Read the Week Two Read Me First. | | | | |Review articles found in Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in cl ass discussions on at least 4 of 7 days each week. Daily |4 | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (a). |Thursday | | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (b). |Saturday | | | |Post weekly personal summary (PS). |Monday | | |Learning Team Instructions |Create Team Charter (sample found in Course Materials Forum). |Monday | | | | | | | | |Begin working on proposal for new system. | | | | | | | | |Create the first draft of the Executive Summary. |Monday |4 | | | | | | | |Begin defining the business requirements of the selected systems. | | | |Individual |Write a 3-4-page (350 words avg. per page) college research paper identifying and describing |Monday |10 | |Assignment |how information systems support the business processes in an organization. | | |Information Systems Paper | | | | | |Describe the business processes within your current place of employment or an organization | | | | |with which you are familiar. | | | | |Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the info rmation systems you have chosen to describe | | | | |and how to improve those systems. | | | | |NOTE: college research papers require at least 2 references cited. | | | Week Three: Web & Mobile Computing, Operating Systems, Applications | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Identify how the Internet and mobile devices impact information systems and organizations. | | | | |Identify common computer application software used at personal and enterprise levels. | | | | |Explain how information systems utilize new technologies. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 6, â€Å"E-Business and E-Commerce,† of Information Technology for Management: Improving | | | | |Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 7, â€Å"Mobile Computing and Commerce,† of Information Technology for Management: | | | | |Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 8, â€Å"Web 2. and Social Media,† of Information Technology for Management: Improving | | | | |Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 7, â€Å"E-Business and E-Commerce,† of Introduction to Information Systems: Supporting | | | | |and Transforming Business. | | | | | | | | | |Read the Week Three Read Me First. | | | |Review articles found in Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussions on at least 4 of 7 days each week. |Daily |4 | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (a). |Thursday | | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (b). |Saturday | | | |Post weekly personal summary (PS). |Monday | | |Learning Team Instructions |Continue working on new system proposal. | | | | | | | | |Finalize business requirements (BRD) for selected systems. |Monday |4 | | |(Sample BRD is posted to the Course Materials Forum). | | | | |Begin preparation of process flow charts and supporting descriptions. | | | | | | | | | |Begin preparation of Microsoft PowerPoint ® presentation. | | | | | | | | |Continue update of the draft Executive Summary. | | | |Individual |Write a 3-4 page (350 words avg. per page) college research paper describing the hardware and|Monday |10 | |Assignment |software used to support personal, workgroup, and enterprise computing within your current | | | |Hardware and Software |organization, an organization with which you are familiar, or one that you can interview to | | | |College Paper |gather the necessary information. | | | | | | | | |NOTE: college research papers require at least 2 references cited. | | | |Week Four: Information System Usage in Organizations | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Identify types of systems and databases used in organizations. | | | | |Explain how business requirements drive system use. | | |Readings |Read Ch. 9, â€Å"Operational Planning and Control Systems,† of Information Technology for | | | | |Management: Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 10, â⠂¬Å"Enterprise Information Systems,† of Information Technology for Management: | | | | |Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 11, â€Å"Business Intelligence and Decision Support,† of Information Technology for | | | | |Management: Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Technology Guide 3, â€Å"Emerging Types of Enterprise Computing,† of Introduction to | | | |Information Systems: Supporting and Transforming Business. | | | | | | | | | |Read Technology Guide 4, â€Å"Intelligent Systems,† of Introduction to Information Systems: | | | | |Supporting and Transforming Business. | | | | | | | | | |Read the Week Four Read Me First. | | | |Review articles found in Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussions on at least 4 of 7 days each week. |Daily |4 | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (a). |Thursday | | | |Respond to weekly discussion questi on DQ (b). |Saturday | | | |Post weekly personal summary (PS). |Monday | | |Learning Team Instructions |Continue work on new system proposal. | | | | | | | | |Finalize process flow charts and supporting descriptions. |Monday |4 | | | | | | | |Identify and describe network security functions using a Network Security Doc. (NSD), needed |Monday | | | |by Riordan Manufacturing systems.Include the purpose of these security functions in your | | | | |paper. | | | | | | | | | |Continue preparation of Microsoft PowerPoint ® presentation. | | | |Individual |Write a 3-4 page (350 words avg. per page) college research paper analyzing the use of |Monday |10 | |Assignment |databases in your organization.Address the following in your paper: | | | |Database Analysis College | | | | |Paper |Include what database applications are used: Microsoft ® Access ®, DB2 ®, Oracle ®, and other | | | | |applications. | | | | |Conclude by proposing improvements. For large organizations, restrict the s cope of the paper | | | | |to the department you work in. Substitution: a previous employer or report on databases used | | | | |in the business world with examples. Include reference page. | | | | |NOTE: college research papers require at least 2 references cited. | | | Week Five: Networking, Telecommunications, and the Internet | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives | | | | | |Identify factors affecting system acquisition. | | | | |Explain how current IT systems are managed. | | | | |Explain the role of strategic planning in IT. | | | | |Identify security factors for conducting business using networks. | | |Readings |Read Ch. 12, â€Å"IT Strategic Planning,† of Information Technology for Management: Improving | | | | |Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 13, â€Å"Business Process Management and Systems Development,† of Information Technology| | | | |for Management: Improving Strategic and Operational Performance. | | | | | | | | |Read Technology Guide 4, â€Å"Basics of Telecommunications and Networks,† of Introduction to | | | | |Information Systems: Supporting and Transforming Business. | | | | | | | | | |Read Ch. 4, â€Å"Networks and Collaboration as Business Solutions,† of Information Technology for| | | | |Management: Improving Performance in the Digital Economy. | | | | | | | | |Read the Week Five Read Me First. | | | | |Review articles found in Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | |Participation |Participate in class discussions on at least 4 of 7 days each week. |Daily |4 | |Individual |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (a). |Thursday | | | |Respond to weekly discussion question DQ (b). |Saturday | | | |Post weekly personal summary (PS). Monday | | |Learning Team |Submit the 7 to 10-page paper explaining the project proposal. |Monday |10 | |System Proposal Paper and | | | | |Presentation |Submit the 10 to 13-slide Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation. |Monday |10 | |Contribution to |Actively assist Team to prepare Project Paper & PowerPoint. |Daily |10 | |Learning Team |Download the Peer Evaluation Form from the Course Materials Forum (use only this form).Each | | | | |student must fill out and post only the form minus the instruction page to their Individual |Monday | | | |Forum. | | | |Individual |Write a 2- to 3-page (700 words minimum total) memorandum that |Monday |8 | |Assignment |analyzes two Websites that sell books. Create a simple Microsoft Word Table to list at least| | | |Website Book Seller |10 books that are found on each site. List the Author, Title, Price found on Website-1, and | | | |Memorandum with Table embedded|on Website-2. Describe what conclusions can be made about the pricing.Also, describe the | | | | |quality of the user interface on each Website and make a recommendation. The Memo can be | | | |(word count does not include |addressed to any group you select. The table should be embedded within the paper not just | | | |table) |at tached to it. A reference page is required at the end of the memo. | | | | |NOTE: college memorandums require at least 2 references cited. | | | Discussion Questions Week #1 DQ (a) What is a specific role an information system can play in an organization? What are three components of this system?How do they work in the enterprise? DQ (b) How can an IT system initially help a company advance, but later become a requirement for that business to stay competitive? Week #2 DQ (a) How is information used in the modern enterprise? How does this use affect IT systems? DQ(b) Why it is important to protect the information organizations use today? What are the basic elements in systems that help with this task? Week#3 DQ (a) How are mobile devices, mobile computing, and social media changing how IT systems are used? What can organizations do to maximize value and minimize risk when users use these devices? DQ (b) Why is new technology often disruptive for existing IT systems?What things can be done to prepare these systems for future technology ahead of time? Week #4 DQ (a) Describe three types of systems used in organizations. Note the factors that normally lead to adopting the system and requirements that will likely push its future growth of each type. DQ (b) Discuss an IT system that has transformed the way organizations in at least one field carry out work. Note what requirements drove the system to be developed and what requirements are likely to drive it to change in the future. Week #5 DQ (a) Discuss two major issues involved with acquiring systems and two major issues commonly faced when maintaining them. Address how each can be minimized or overcome.DQ (b) Describe the effect of an organization’s strategic planning on the IT systems it uses. Address how strategic planning simplifies and complicates IT system development and use. Copyright University of Phoenix ® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries . Microsoft ®, Windows ®, and Windows NT ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix ® editorial standards and practices.